Do not end a citation clause with a period, unless it is the last clause in the sentence. They are useful, but not wellsuited for jurisdiction specific research. Remember that you only cite to a supplement if new text is there. In court documents briefs, motions and legal memoranda, a full case name is usually italicized or underlined. A uniform system of citation, a style guide, prescribes the most widely used legal citation system in the united states. Books, reports, treatises bluebook legal citation tarlton.
When using a print legal encyclopedia, it is best to start by searching for your terms in the index volumes at the end of the set, rather than in the main volumes. Citations are provided in scholarly works, bibliographies and indices referring the past work in the same subject area. A manual or guidebook that prescribes the standard form of citation to be used in citing authorities in legal writing. Citing cases bluebook guide guides at georgetown law library. Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on the bluebooks unique system of citation in their writing. Bluebook basics bluebooking and legal citation libguides. Bluebook citation for llm students bluebook citation for. A b c d e f gh i jk l m n o p qr s t u vwxyz show all. The bluebook requires citation to printed material provided it is available, unless there is an authenticated, official, or exact digital copy of the printed sources. The best free bluebook citation generator for books. Pointbypoint, it is linked to the free citation guide, the indigo book.
A publication that establishes the correct form of case citations or of references to a legal authority showing where information can be found. Citeus legalus the automated bluebook citation generator. Apr 06, 2012 see also citation manual, parallel citation, mediumneutral citation. If there is no author, you should begin the citation with the title. For additional examples, see the basic bluebookingsecondary sources in legal documents tipsheet. Online citation generators bluebook 101 library guides at. The bluebook and basic concepts of legal citation to new law students. Effective january 1, 2008, however, california rule of court, rule 1. Cite to the volume, name of the source, article titlebroad topic this is not. Citation machine helps students and professionals properly credit the information that they use. Secondary sources bluebook citation libguides at florida.
Law school bluebook basics one of the books that all 1l law students are required to purchase is the bluebook. As has been true of all editions released since 2010, it is also indexed to the the bluebook and the alwd guide to legal citation. Prior to the 2015 edition, the bluebook called for the phrase available at in. Mar 30, 2007 how do you cite to websters online dictionary under the bluebook. A volume that explains the organization of a state government and provides the names of state officials.
See jonathan zittrain, the future of the internet and how to stop it 125 2008. Citation management software enables you to collect, organize, edit, and share your research. Citation clauses are set off from the text by commas and immediately follow the proposition to which they relate. This is a proposed citation style to adapt the bluebook to the unique needs of wikipedia. Studies show that it can be more accurate that a carefully peeredited encyclopedia. How to write a bibliography in bluebook pen and the pad. Citing secondary sources sample bluebook citations libguides. Oh, but the lawyers and law students who write and organize the bluebook obviously have no idea how to write a reference manual so it is actually useful. Bluebook citation hamline university school of law.
Each different kind of secondary source has a slightly. Georgetown law library has a series of three training videos about jurism. Encyclopedias first year legal research guide libguides. It is required by law schools, law libraries, and multiple state and federal courts as the required guide to legal citation. Feb 04, 2019 there are two main legal encyclopedias in the united states that are national in scope. The following samples cover basic citation format for secondary sources. Full name of the authors book title underlined or italicized pinpoint page number if needed. The fastest way to collect all of the citation information for a case is to highlight the specific text you would like to cite and use the databases copy with citation feature.
Cite to the name of the sourcedictionary, page number if pinpoint citing, edition and year. Law students, lawyers, judges and legal professionals use the bluebook as their system of citation when compiling bibliographies for their writing. Sep 23, 2019 jurism is a zotero spinoff aimed at legal researchers. It takes account of the latest edition of the bluebook, published in 2015, and the supreme courts style guide. State legal encyclopedias provide background and explanations of state legal topics. Electronic sources basic legal citation cornell university. Always consult the bluebook for additional information. Citing other resources bluebook guide guides at georgetown.
Secondary sources bluebook citation 101 practitioner format. Citus legalus is an automated bluebook citation generator for lazy law students. Many of the complicated variations on rules are not shown in these samples. The bluebook, for most legal professionals, is the legal citation bible. The bluebook also has citation rules for legal memoranda and other practiceoriented materials the blue pages, which students in lrwa2 use for their memo assignments. Each different kind of secondary source has a slightly different set of rules for citation, which will be enumerated below. The bluebook is the most commonly used system for legal citations in the united states, especially for legal scholarship, but also with modifications by local rules in judicial opinions and party briefs. Citus legalus the citation generator for lazy law students. To have your reference list or bibliography automatically made for you, try our free citation generator. Since the times it was first compiled, its origins still debated, the guide has suffered multiple revisions and editions. The most recent edition of the bluebook prescribes adding the name of the sponsoring entity, abbreviated, in the concluding. Blue book legal definition of blue book legal dictionary.
A standard book citation consists of the following elements in order. How do you cite to websters online dictionary under the. Citation format examples for footnotes general rules times new roman, size 10, 1 line spacing, justified. Jan 09, 2018 statutes are published in books called codes, which present laws for a particular jurisdiction arranged by subject. The bluebook of legal citation is a must have for every law student because lawyers are crazy and have to have a crazy way of citing everything. It uses the free indigo book, similar to but not licensed by the bluebook. There are too many rules for this introductory guide to cover. While the principal citation reference works still treat the citation of electronically accessed. Citing secondary sources sample bluebook citations. It has come under attack for its frequent revisions that contain minor changes to citation form. Peter martins introduction to basic legal citation an alwd. Legal encyclopedias are secondary sources that provide a general.
Do not begin a citation clause with a capital letter unless the citation clause begins with a source that would otherwise be capitalized. For help with other source types, like books, pdfs, or websites, check out our other guides. This guide provides answers specifically to questions about the citation rules in the white pages, not the blue pages. Martin, cornell legal information institute this guide can be used for both the 4th edition of the alwd citation manual and the 1. However, the basic format of a case citation is as follows. Sep 06, 2019 the central function of legal citation is to allow the reader to efficiently locate the cited source. The citation format for newspapers and newsletters is largely the same as for nonconsecutively paginated periodicals. Rule 15 in the bluebook explains how to properly cite a book. Apr 03, 2020 when using a print legal encyclopedia, it is best to start by searching for your terms in the index volumes at the end of the set, rather than in the main volumes. How to cite a encyclopedia article in bluebook law. This will provide you with all of the information you need to cite the case but it will not be properly bluebooked. Many codes are published in two editions the official edition and an annotated edition with notes about related cases and articles.
This book is a reference guide that, believe it or not, will be just about the only book you take from law school into your practice as a lawyer. Secondary sources include books, articles, encyclopedias and other nonprimary sources. The proper bluebook citation for nonconsecutively paginated journals and magazines is. This is an important step because the main volumes are arranged alphabetically by major topic e. Generally speaking, the citation should include the authors full name, the title of the book, the page cited, editors name if applicable, edition if applicable, and year of publication. The blue book, annually revised publication listing notable persons in the united kingdom, ireland, australia, new zealand, canada, and the united states. Apr 17, 2017 each of the scholarly disciplines has designed a system for documentation used to cite sources when writing papers, articles, speeches or websites. In a diverse and rapidly changing legal profession, the bluebook continues to provide a systematic method by which members of the profession communicate important information to one another about the sources and legal authorities upon. See your bluebook for specific exceptions involving special designations, place of publication etc. Do not cite to the supplement if case annotations, footnotes, or references to secondary sources are the only new information in the supplement. The bluebook contains rules that prescribe how to cite a variety of legal documents. A short primer on bluebook citation formats for federal and state cases and statutes. The bluebook, its name reflecting the color of its cover, is an extensive style guide used for legal citation in the u. Encyclopedias first year legal research guide libguides at.
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